Abstract: High-temperature resistant sensor technology is essential for testing and condition monitoring in extreme environments, such as those encountered in aero engines and petrochemical industries. Ceramic-based optical fiber sensors, manufactured from materials like SiC and sapphire, demonstrate exceptional mechanical performance at elevated temperatures. By utilizing optical sensing principles, these sensors can provide stable and highly precise monitoring even under extreme high-temperature conditions. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent domestic and international advancements in the field, focusing on four critical aspects: the fundamental architecture of high-temperature resistant optical fiber sensors, micronano-scale processing of ceramic sensing structures, packaging principles and methodologies, and additive manufacturing techniques for ceramic microstructures at fiber terminations. Additionally, it critically analyzes current technical challenges and explores potential future directions for ceramic-based optical fiber sensor technology in high-temperature applications.